Problems of Industrialization in Pakistan Essay - 1

Issues of Industrialization in Pakistan - Essay Example This exposition examines the Pakistan nation, that is a creating country that is reliant on horticulture as the nation is blessed with ripe terrains fit for the financial movement. In any case, the way toward industrializing her farming exercises has been looked by a few issues obstructing the entire procedure. This article clarifies the various elements subverting the endeavors to industrialize the activities in the nation and not the negative impacts that may result from industrialization in a given nation. The elements were recognized from the reactions in a study that was completed to look for data from an assortment of industrialists in the nation according to the industrialization issues they have experienced, or the elements they think about impeding to the procedure. The scientist talks about the issues of power and vitality deficiencies, poor and immature foundation, absence of prepared and talented workforce issue, little accentuation that is given on innovative work just a s decreases in remote direct speculation, that is required today. It is likewise closed by the analyst that the nation has been putting forth attempts to advance its industrialization, yet the endeavors have had no positive yields yet. The specialist likewise mentiones that remote direct speculators, who can contribute essentially to industrialization through presentation of new innovations, are not pulled in to a nation with such insufficiencies, that were talked about in the paper and that is the principle issue.

Abortion in Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Hills Like

Premature birth in Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants The story Slopes Like White Elephants is a discussion between a young lady 'Dance' and an American man hanging tight for a train at a station in Spain. The creator never names the subject of their conversation yet as their discourse advances; it becomes obvious that Jig is pregnant. The man needs Jig to prematurely end the unborn youngster yet she is unconvinced and needs to turn into a mother. Hemingway has splendidly composed the story's discourse which catches the vibe of a private discussion while simultaneously conveying the important account foundation (O'Brien 19). Toward the finish of the story, it is hazy with respect to what choice has been made; in any case, Hemingway gives the peruser a few pieces of information in regards to what Jig feels, and what she needs to do. Dance's private contemplations are lit up by Hemingway's depiction of the setting, the character, and the contention. Stanley Renner proposes that, because of the couple's conversation, Dance has gotten ready to make an increasingly understood located estimation, and maybe a superior decision, of men Wyche(59). The couple's failure to impart viably their actual considerations and feelings makes their discourse engaging. The story inspects the sexual orientation contrasts and miscommunications as they impact the choice whether to prematurely end the unborn youngster or not (Smiley). In his book on Hemingway, distributed in 1999, Carl P. Eby brings up that [f]or the previous two decades, Hemingway analysis has been overwhelmed by a reevaluation of the job of sexual orientation in his work (Bauer 125). Hemingway's characters in the story speak to the cliché male and female in reality, somewhat. The American is the run of the mill manly, testosterone-crazed male who just ... ...s'. The Hemingway Review, 22 (1) (Fall 2002): 56-71. EBSCOhost. Renner, Stanley Moving to the Girl's Side of 'Slopes Like White Elephants'. The Hemingway Review, 15 (1) (Fall 1995): 27-41. As Rpt. in Wyche, David Giving the Air access to a Relationship: Metaphorical Abortion in 'Slopes Like White Elephants'. The Hemingway Review, 22 (1) (Fall 2002): 56-71. EBSCOhost. Eby, Carl P. Hemingway's Fetishism: Psychoanalysis and the Mirror of Manhood. Albany: State University of New York Press. As Rpt. in Bauer, Margaret D. Disregard the Legend and Read the Work: Teaching Two Stories by Ernest Hemingway. School Literature, 30 (3) (Summer 2003): 124-37. EBSCOhost. Burroway, Janet. Composing Fiction: A Guide to Narrative Craft. sixth ed. New York: Longman, 2003. As Rpt. in Rankin, Paul Hemingway's 'Slopes Like White Elephants'. Explicator, 63 (4) (Summer 2005): 234-37.

AEDP Therapy for Trauma

AEDP Therapy for Trauma April 01, 2019 More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Four Pillars Therapists Emotional Regulation Who Can Use AEDP? For Couples Where to Find AEDP Becoming Certified Most people reading this will have experienced a traumatic event in their lifetime. As many as 70 percent of people in the United States will experience a trauma at lease once in their lives. With so many people hurting, more therapeutic approaches are focused on being trauma-informed or trauma-focused. Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) is one of those growing therapeutic approaches to help people heal. It is suggested that people who have experienced trauma will wait approximately two years after realizing the pain of their experience before ever seeking help. Two years is quite a long time to suffer in isolation, trying to sort through the pain of a traumatic experience on your own. Even when people try to reach out for help, if at all, they might be seeking help from family or friends. Although their intent is likely positive, loved ones are not necessarily equipped to help you navigate and heal from the emotional suffering of trauma. Verywell / JR Bee History of AEDP Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy is described as a healing-based and transformation-oriented model of psychotherapeutic treatment. Developed by American psychologist, Dr. Diana Fosha, Ph.D., AEDP views crisis and suffering as opportunities for people to find their ability to heal and experience the transformation that might otherwise not have the chance to happen. Dr. Fosha is the founder and director of the AEDP Institute in New York where she teaches clinicians and practices as a psychotherapist. As AEDP has continued to grow in recent years, clinicians from all over the world are learning this model of therapeutic treatment to better serve their clients, particularly those who have experienced trauma. Influences on AEDP As with many other approaches, AEDP integrates a variety of therapeutic disciplines, such as: Attachment theoryAffective neuroscienceBody-focused approachesTransformational studies As described by the AEDP Institute, the treatment model of Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy aims to help our patients, and ourselves, become stronger at the broken places. By working with trauma, loss, and the painful consequences of the limitations of human relatedness, we discover places that have always been strong; places that were never broken. Four Pillars There are four key pillars that offer foundational support to the model of AEDP: Faith in the clients capacity for healing. This ability and capacity for healing is hard-wired within us, in our mind and body, and can be accessed. It is understood that we are all capable and that this part of us that can be accessed for healing has been locked down and hidden as a result of emotionally painful experiences.The power of being seen and understood. This is new to many clients. It helps to heal deep injuries and to create space for exploration and change. When we are used to feeling alone, isolated, and misunderstood, this new experience of being seen and heard can feel both exciting and vulnerable. It is in this space that the AEDP therapist walks alongside to help the client explore.Working through defenses quickly and effectively. This involves exploring the deepest places of wounding. Healing at these places can be most helpful in creating further change. The AEDP therapist gently walks with clients into those emotions, maintaining safety for the client and allowin g them to process those levels of hurt that are often hidden from others.Discovering a newfound ability to trust and experience emotions. This means sharing with another person. Even uncomfortable emotions can be shared and processed. As clients continue to experience emotional safety throughout the counseling process, they are met with corrective emotional experiences. These are experiences that help them challenge their ideas that they are not worth knowing, that their experiences dont matter, or that they cannot heal. Clients begin to experience themselves in new ways through their process of healing. AEDP Therapists Clinicians trained in Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy actively engage with clients throughout their healing journey. This is not a passive or removed therapeutic style, but one in which the client and the therapist are partnering collaboratively during the process. There are certain things that a trained AEDP therapist will be doing during the course of healing. Establishing a Secure Base A secure base is a necessary part of most forms of therapy, in that it allows for an effective and healthy rapport between client and therapist. This is particularly so within the model of AEDP. The therapist is open and curious about the client, removed from any perceived judgment or bias that might create feelings of uncertainty. For many people, having someone who is genuinely curious about them and their experiences can feel new and different. It is in this new and different space that clients can begin to feel safe and open to the process of sharing their emotions and experiences with another person. Letting Clients Know They Are Not Alone One of the key aspects of AEDP is to undo aloneness. Most of us know the impact of feeling alone and what it can do to us when we are already in pain. Our sense of being alone leaves us feeling isolated and misunderstood, and can lead to feelings of hopelessness that things can change. AEDP therapists create safety through their active presence with clients, helping them find the courage to explore. Walking Alongside Clients as They Explore For many clients, this therapeutic experience may be the first time they have ever felt safe in their lives. Having a compassionate, emotionally safe person to join them in their exploration allows them to uncover and walk through painful experiences that may not have been accessed before. Therapists stay compassionately present as clients process uncomfortable emotions. Staying in the Here and Now AEDP therapists are attuned to the clients experience in each session, staying aware of body movement, facial expressions, eye movements, tone of voice and more. Actively tracking clients this way can allow therapists an opportunity to help clients explore what is happening for them, even during their exploration. Offering Corrective Emotional Experiences Again, for many people, sessions with an AEDP therapist may be the first time in their lives that they have felt emotionally safe enough to explore painful experiences and emotions. Much of what keeps people from sharing is fear of how others will respond, if others will see or hear their pain, and if they will be criticized or judged. All of those fears can feel removed within the AEDP experience. New experiences, like feeling seen, heard and understood by the AEDP therapist allow clients to have a corrective emotional experience. Addressing the Mind and Heart Some therapeutic approaches tend to keep the mind and heart separate, or not address the heart much at all. AEDP allows therapists to maintain a balance of attuning to both the cognitive and the emotional experiences of the client. Doing so allows clients to feel integrated during their treatment, moving away from old patterns such as rationalizing or compartmentalizing their experiences. Emotional Regulation Many therapeutic models focus on relieving suffering and emotional pain. Helping people feel less pain is, of course, very important in the therapy process. People seek out help when they are in emotional pain looking for hope and guidance out of those uncomfortable spaces. However, the model of AEDP doesnt stop there. In research conducted by Dr. Fosha and her colleague, Dr. Eileen Russell, Ph.D., they describe that the focus on a clients positive affective experience with regard to things like transformation, growth, and connection that are long overdue. These positive experiences are just as beneficial to the process of healing and, even more so, to the process of continued growth and flourishing. In fact, Fosha and Russell suggest that in AEDP: Working with positive affect is part of everyday, moment-to-moment psychotherapy in this model.It is necessary for positive emotions to be processed and regulated, just as we would do with more uncomfortable, painful emotion.Allowing positive affect to be part of the therapy work has been shown to make a big difference in improving the clients function, relatedness, and emotional resilience. Who Can Use AEDP? Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy is a therapeutic model that can be used with a wide variety of populations. Since the healing is based out of the platform of emotional attunement and client safety, many different presenting issues can be addressed. The goal of the therapist is to actively engage and walk alongside their clients, to be curious about them and their experiences, to create a safe space for clients to explore and process their pain, as well as positive, emotional experiences. Beyond simply a change in behavior or attitude, AEDP focuses on healing and change on a core level. People can find true transformation through the AEDP therapy experience, impacting their sense of self, their sense of the world, their decision making and behaviors. AEDP for Couples Not only is AEDP an effective treatment model for individuals, but couples can also benefit from Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy for Couples. Just as the energy of AEDP for individuals is focused on things like attunement, safe exploration, and corrective emotional experiences, AEDP for couples offers this same energy to partners. The influence of attachment theory is certainly present in AEDP work with couples. The painful experiences that people are coming in with may or may not have to do with their partner. Couples experience all sorts of wounds in their intimate relationship such as: InfidelityDishonesty about financesSpending habitsHousehold managementParentingSexual intimacyEmotional neglectEmotional disconnectLack of communicationAnger As much as there are several ways we can show love to one another, there are just as many ways we can hurt each other, especially in committed intimate relationships. When couples begin therapy with an AEDP therapist, they may be bringing in a history of traumatic experiences that took place within their dynamic or outside of their dynamic, such as in their past. The AEDP therapist walks alongside both partners, tracking and helping them to explore their experiences. Creating and maintaining a safe emotional space for both partners is critical to the process. During therapy, the AEDP therapist is modeling for partners how to become curious, how to help them not feel alone in their experiences, how to stay present, and how to offer corrective emotional experiences. As you might remember with individuals, the AEDP therapist is offering the client something that they have never felt beforeâ€"an experience in which they feel seen, heard, and truly understood. This is called the corrective emotional experienceâ€"one that offers hurting people the space and opportunity to fully process uncomfortable emotions and even celebrate more positive emotions, with a supportive person. Couples in AEDP are, essentially, learning how to do this for each other, through the modeling of interactions with the therapist as well as better understanding through their own exploration of self in the therapy process. Through exploration of self, partners can better identify possible roadblocks that might be getting in the way of true intimacy and vulnerability with their partner. We use tactics all the time in our personal relationships to protect ourselves, often without realizing the painful impact it is having on our partner and the health of our relationship. Identifying and clarifying these blocks to intimacy make them much easier to challenge and remove, allowing for partners to get to know each other in new, softer and more authentic ways. Through those moments in AEDP therapy, partners are building greater levels of intimacy and growing more closely connected. Where to Find AEDP As Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy continues to grow, clinicians are being trained across the globe. The AEDP Institute offers a database of therapists, psychologists, and other mental health practitioners who have advanced training or certification in this model of therapy. Because there are growing populations of trained AEDP therapists, particularly in the United States, there are established regional communities that you can contact for help in locating an AEDP therapist in your area. Becoming Certified in AEDP AEDP offers a formal certification program in this model of therapy to help maintain continuity in how this approach is being offered with clients. Because AEDP is a comprehensive, integrative theoretical clinical model, it is critical that therapists are trained properly with an established and consistent curriculum. The training in AEDP includes coursework, clinical experience, and supervision to help demonstrate knowledge, understanding and effective application of AEDP skills. For someone to become fully certified in Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy, they must be a state-licensed professional qualified to work in areas of mental health treatment, including credentials such as: PsychiatristsPsychologistsPsychoanalystsMental Health TherapistsMarriage and Family TherapistsArt TherapistsRegistered NursesAddictions Counselors Many educational training opportunities are available for clinicians and other licensed professionals who may be interested in developing skills in AEDP. Seminars, workshops, conferences, and online trainings are available. If you are a clinician interested in becoming certified in AEDP, you can find more information about training opportunities at the AEDP Institute website. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine on Lumbriculus Variegatus...

Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine on Lumbriculus variegatus INTRODUCTION An experiment was conducted to study and explore the circulatory system by exposing Lumbriculus variegatus, black worms, to household drugs. Lumbriculus variegatus was chosen as the experimental organism because of their transparent bodies and their simple physiology. Their transparent bodies help the experimenters to easily see their pulse. Another reason for choosing this specific organism is their body structure—large surface area to size ratio. This feature allows the substances, such as the household drugs, to easily enter their body which then can affect their health.(1) The household drugs used in this experiment were decaffeinated coffee, tea, instant†¦show more content†¦The dependent variable is pulsation rates of L. variegatus before and after they were in the treatments. The standardized variable of this experiment would be the temperature of the surroundings of the L. variegatus, the three pulsation rates taken for each worm before and after the treatments, and also the amount of time each worm was kept in their respective treatments. The level of treatment for this experiment would be ten because of the six different concentration treatments of caffeine and nicotine along with the four household drugs. The sampl e size of the experiment differed from some treatments to other. For the three different concentrations of caffeine and nicotine, the sample size was 18 black worms each. The sample size of the control treatment of week 1 was 6 black worms. 12 black worms were used for the control of week 2, decaffeinated coffee and instant coffee. 11 black worms were used for the tea treatment and 15 were used for the tobacco treatment. There were three replications of the pulsation rate readings per worm before and after the treatment. With all this information we were able to get the results we got. According to the results, the columns of caffeine in figure 1, of this experiment the hypothesis for caffeine is partially accepted. There is an increasing trend in the change of pulsation rates with increasingShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Zero Caiso ( Water Enhancer?1044 Words   |  5 Pagesspotted as the outer layer of the worm is transparent, and contraction waves are seen in the main vessel as a heart beat. (Lesiuk and Drewes, 1999b) Pulsation rate is sensitive to pharmacological agents and is significantly accelerated by both caffeine and nicotine. (Bohrer, K.E. 2006) Much like in humans, the pulsation rate is regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems. Blackworms also have a very permeable outer skin layer, making the absorption of chemicals very efficient. Most consumers don’tRead MoreThe Effects Of Caffeine, Caffeine And Nicotine1462 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This lab covered the effects of caffeine, nicotine, caffeine extract and nicotine extract on the pulsation rates of Lumbriculus variegatus, commonly known as blackworms. The circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the organism’s body. Blackworms do not possess a respiratory system or a heart, thus they circulate their blood through contractions of the blood vessels. The pulsation rate was observed along the dorsal blood vessel near

Literature Review on the Human Brain Can Fear Be Prevented

Scientists research the human body so that we, as human-beings, know how to protect our bodies and can learn some interesting facts for the better of our knowledge. Many think that the brain is an interesting topic. It is probably because there are still many things about the human body that are unknown. The human brain is just like the ocean, dark and strange. The brain is one of the most mysterious in our bodies because there is still so much that isn’t known about it. With new advances in technology, it has become much easier to study the brain and how it works. Many articles have been and are being written about studies that show new knowledge or could potentially lead to a big discovery. Just one example would be where emotions and reactions come from inside the brain. Similarly, development of research and gains in knowledge is vital to knowing how fear is caused and where it starts. Also, researchers use this knowledge to find ways to prevent fear of certain things. In an article entitled â€Å"Can Fear Be Prevented?† written by Tim Sandle, â€Å"Scientists have identified inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus (the brain region involved in memory), that help to ensure the formation of neutral memories in the face of an unrelated, fearful event.† This means that scientists know where the sensation of fear actually starts. The test they performed was that they had lab mice tested. While a mouse was learning they would have close-ups of the mouse’s brain cells to monitor whatShow MoreRelatedChemical Castration Essay4712 Words   |  19 Pagesare not motivated by an increased testosterone level but innate biological features, psychological disorders, and social factors making chemical castration and physical castration ineffective in curing most origins of sexual deviance. Literature Review This paper presents a critical analysis of the effects of chemical castration and physical castration on the recidivism rates of sex offenders. In this paper, the term sex offender is defined as a person who has been convicted ofRead More Chemical Castration and Physical Castration Essay4601 Words   |  19 Pagesoffences are not motivated by an increased testosterone level but innate biological features, psychological disorders, and social factors making chemical castration and physical castration ineffective in curing most origins of sexual deviance. Literature Review This paper presents a critical analysis of the effects of chemical castration and physical castration on the recidivism rates of sex offenders. In this paper, the term sex offender is defined as a person who has been convicted of a sex crimeRead MoreAdolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma4747 Words   |  19 Pages sexual activity, and fail to make appropriate adjustments in compromising circumstances. There is a correlation between traumatic experiences and adolescent cognitive development. A traumatic experience can alter an adolescent’s neural system and adversely affect the latter stages of brain development. Working with survivors of traumatic events requires an understanding of maladaptive behaviors, reactions and coping skills. Behavioral patterns emerge and become part of an adolescent’s personalityRead MoreUnderstanding Reactive Attachment Disorder ( Dsm )2831 Words   |  12 Pages Understanding Reactive Attachment Disorder An L. WineKing Liberty University Abstract This paper is a review of how attachment disorders were first defined in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM) in 1980, and how the descriptions have evolved over the past 30 years of research efforts which have provided new insights into the disorder. The main attachment disorder discussed is Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), that has recently been expanded toRead MoreEssay about Video Games Inspire Violent Behavior3148 Words   |  13 Pagesespecially in a time when harmful acts continue to rise in communities all over the world. LITERATURE REVIEW Research from the Center for Disease Control illustrates that teen violence is caused by emotional distress, learning disorders and attention violence. Although there are some other behaviors and causes responsible for teen violence in the society, diseases usually prevent the normal functioning of the brain. This means that there is a link between mental illness and violence in the society. 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Most senior executives have been trained in its principles, and large corporations have their own skilled strategy departments. Yet the business world remains littered with examples of bad strategies. Why? What makes chief executivesRead MoreCounselling Psychology (Description and Evaluation of the Psychoanalytic Theories of Counselling and Techniques Using the)4628 Words   |  19 Pagesassignment the Psychoanalytic Theoretical approach to Counselling will be examined, along with its theorist Sigmund Freud and the therapeutic techniques associated with this theoretical approach. Before one can begin to explore techniques of psychoanalysis, it is important to briefly review Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the developmental personality and his stages of psychological development. 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When negative emotions such as anger, resentment, pain, hurt or prolonged stresses are present, this can cause a number of physical problems. Some studies have determined a link between the effects of psychological stress and the increase risk of developing cancer, while others have concluded inconclusive results (National Cancer Institute, 2012). As

Is Generation Y Unemployed or Just Lazy Free Essays

Is Generation Y Unemployed or Just Lazy? In recent years, Generation Y is particularly underemployed in the United States. Some people consider sluggish economy as an important reason for Generation Y unemployed. Other said the most important reason is Generation Y is extreme laziness – despite the opportunities that await them. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Generation Y Unemployed or Just Lazy or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree with the second point. In my opinion, Generation Y just lazy, they don’t want to spend a lot of time to work. They are making a choice to work at companies that pay less but offer them that more free time. Although they have bachelor’s degree, they prefer to work in retail jobs. This may be due to their attributes, working attitude and government compensation. The first reason that leads to Generation Y lazy can be Generation Y’s attribute. â€Å"We can learn Generation Y does assign different levels of importance and partially assigns different levels of happiness to the five motivational factors examined in this study: responsibilities, compensation, work environment, advancement potential, and free time. This study represents the first attempt to explore motivational factors for the Generation Y workforce within the federal government†(Barford). Depend on my research, I learned Generation Y’s responsibility is least, and free time is the most important for Generation Y. They are making a choice to work at companies that pay less but offer them that more free time. Generation Y’s attributes showed us that they have less responsibility for company and they would like get more free time. In other word, they don’t spend a lot of time to work. Second, underemployed due to Generation Y’s working attitude. We can learn the best-paid jobs with companies ranked high among Generation Y are all in science and technology, the survey shows. Google, Intel and Microsoft are all among the top five best companies for Gen Y, ranked based on average pay for Millennial working there, job satisfaction and flexible schedules, among other things. At the same time, it’s most common for Gen Y to work for small companies of 100 employees or less†(Hadley). We can learn Generation Y prefer to flexible schedules and chose small companies. They most likely to hold low-paying jobs in retail, so that degree is not important for them. They don’t want to study in high school or university because they can find a job without degree. On the other hand, Internet is very important for Generation Y. In fact more than half of Gen Y workers â€Å"will not accept a job that bans social media. † This report demonstrates that to Gen Y, they â€Å"consider the internet to be as important as air, water, food, and shelter and will choose a lower paying job in order to be able use it – especially in lieu of doing any actual work. Because Generation Y is lazy, they are not employed in large numbers inside America’s biggest companies. This is Generation Y’s working attitude that is one of reason of lazy. The government compensation effects on unemployment, which stimulate unemployment people, are lazy to seeking job. The government unemployment compensation is likely to have increased the average rate of unemployment. â€Å"Our current system of unemployment compensation has two distinct but related bad incentives. The first one for those who are employed, it reduces and eliminated the cost of increasing the period of unemployment. The second effect for more unsteady work, it raises net wage to the employee relative to the cost to the employer. â€Å"(Feldstein ;amp; Martin, p 39). According to these two effects of unemployment compensation, it stimulates the people who are lazy to seeking job. The government unemployment entitlement gives guarantee for the people who are lose job or seeking job, however, this overprotected politics cases extreme laziness to underemployment to find job. In conclusion, I agree with this point that Generation Y is just lazy. This may be due to their attributes, working attitude and government compensation. Actually, Generation Y can improve their life quality, if they are not lazy. They have ability to get good degree and find a good job. Works Cited Barford, Ian N and Hester, Defense Acquisition Research Journal: A Publication of the Defense Acquisition University; Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p63-80, 18p, 2 Color Photographs, 5 Graphs Hadley Malcolm, Gen Y most likely to hold low-paying jobs in retail, USA Today, 07347456, AUG 22, 2012. Feldstein ;amp; Martin. Unemployment compensation: its effect on unemployment. Monthly Labor Review; Mar76, Vol. 99 Issue 3, p39, 3p. How to cite Is Generation Y Unemployed or Just Lazy, Papers

Financial Reporting Quality Of Investment †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Reporting Quality Of Investment? Answer: Introduction: This assignment has been prepared to discuss that how an analyst should proceed step by step starting from the books of accounts of the company for understanding the financial health of the company(Biddle et al.,2009). Here the analyst first check the raw books of accounts of the company and prepare the journal entries for each financial transactions, then the journal entries are posted to the general leader under the appropriate heads of accounts. After that, the trial balance has been prepared and then profit loss accounts and balance sheets have been created to develop the ratio analysis as the calculated ratios are good indicators of the financial health of the company. The ratios are then analysed to understand the financial health of the company and what are the underlying factors that are contributing to the good or bad financial performance of the company. Results Findings: The profit loss statement of the company defines that the annual turnover of the company is around $158333.55 ; therefore the company is falling in the benchmark turnover group of $150,001 $600,000. Items of calculation Net profit transferred to balance sheet 57980.35 Total Revenue receipt 158333.6 Total Asset 435866 Capital Employed 151156 operating income /EBIT 115627.8 Current Asset 2025.67 Current liability 7538 Ratios Profit margin 37% ROA 13% ROCE 76% Current ratio 27% The profit margin ratio of 37% indicates that the company is capable to save 37% of its sales revenue as a net profit. This indicates good operational efficiency to the part of the company The Return-on-Asset of the company is 13%, which indicates that the company is capable to transform 13% of its asset (that is engaged in to the business) in to revenue generation (Higgins, 2012). The ROCE of the company is 76% which indicates that the operating income or the EBIT [Earnings before Interest Tax dividend] of the company is 76% of the amount of capital employed .This result indicates a crucial fact that there is enough scope to the part of the company to enhance the operational efficiency of the company as most of the revenue earnings of the company has been absorbed in the operational activities of the company. That is why the ratios of ROA ROCE largely differs (Kirklin et al., 2013) The Current ratio of the company is less than 1 , which indicates low liquidity position of the company due to high operational cost. Items $ Total expenses 107694.3 turnover 158333.6 Cost of sales 6265.9 Labor expense 20280 Motor vehicle expenses 2610 Ratios Total expenses/turnover 68% Cost of sales/turnover 4% Labor/turnover 13% Motor vehicle expenses/turnover 2% A comparison with the industry benchmark reveals the fact that the company is making a good performance with respect to the industry benchmarks. The Total expenses/turnover ratio of the company is 68% which is within the industry benchmark of ratio ranges between 65%-80% [for the turnover range of $150,001 $600,000].Again the Cost of sales/turnover ratio is 4% which indicates a better performance with respect to the industry bench- mark as the industry bench mark ratio is between 7%-20%.The labor turnover ratio of the company is at 13% which indicates that the labor regulating efficiency of the company is much better than the industry benchmark as the bench mark range is between 22%-35%. Finally the Motor vehicle expenses/turnover ratio of the company lies at 2% which almost at par to the industry benchmark ratio range of 2%-4%. Discussion: From the above financial report summary it can be seen that the overall financial performance of the company is better in comparison to the industry bench mark. The major investment required by the company for kite surfing business is around $23000 out of which $15000 is required for equipment purchase and $ 8000 is required for course attendance by the employees of the company. So this amount of fund the company Wave rider can collect from the unused available fund of 2343.But opting for this business will mop up the entire extra cash of the company And the nature of the kite surfing business reveals that the business will take time to recover the cost of investment and to generate profit over investment (Uotila et al.,2009). More over Kite surfing business is heavily dependent over the tourists so the income from the business has a high possibility to get affected by the impact of seasonality. So opting for this business will be quite risky for the company even if the company is sh owing better financial performance with respect tom the industry benchmark. On the other hand if we look for the option of 12 seater Van transportation business then it can be seen that the total investment that will be required to initiate this new business is an amount of $ 2200. So the capital investment needed for this option is much lower and the business will be less affected from seasonality. The pace of income generation of this business is much higher than the other option. So if the business is looking for a less risky venture then the company Wave rider should opt for the 12 seater Van transportation business, that will help to earn quick money to the company at low cost Conclusion From the above discussion it can be seen though the company is delivering better financial performance with respect to the industry benchmark, but still the company Wave rider has to improve much in terms of operational efficiency and man agent of current asset by current liability as the current ratio of the company is less than 1.More over due to low operational efficiency the business should opt for a low cost low return business that brings less risk to the company (Beyer et al.,2010). Reference: Beyer, A., Cohen, D. A., Lys, T. Z., Walther, B. R. (2010). The financial reporting environment: Review of the recent literature.Journal of accounting and economics,50(2), 296-343. Biddle, G. C., Hilary, G., Verdi, R. S. (2009). How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency?.Journal of accounting and economics,48(2), 112-131. Higgins, R. C. (2012).Analysis for financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Kirklin, J. K., Naftel, D. C., Kormos, R. L., Stevenson, L. W., Pagani, F. D., Miller, M. A., ... Young, J. B. (2013). Fifth INTERMACS annual report: risk factor analysis from more than 6,000 mechanical circulatory support patients.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation,32(2), 141-156. Uotila, J., Maula, M., Keil, T. and Zahra, S.A., 2009. Exploration, exploitation, and financial performance: analysis of SP 500 corporations.Strategic Management Journal,30(2), pp.221-231.

Corruption and Bribery Essay Example

Corruption and Bribery Essay Definitions Bribery is a white neckband offense in which money. a favour or something else of value is promised to. given to. or taken from an person or corporation in an effort to rock his or its positions. sentiments. or determinations. Corruptness – is the usage of public’s delegated power in personal or close standing people involvement in order to acquire personal benefit. Types of Bribery We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption and Bribery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption and Bribery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption and Bribery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Bribery of a Public Official. Any public functionary ( anyone moving in involvements of a state. for illustration president. frailty president. juryman etc. ) who demands. receives. or accepts a payoff in exchange for doing an illegal alteration in his responsibilities will be fined up to three times the value of the inducement and/or imprisoned for no more than 15 old ages. The public functionary may besides be prohibited from keeping any political or authorities office in the United States. Bribery of a Witness. Conversely. anyone who offers a payoff to a informant will be fined and/or imprisoned for up to two old ages. Any informant who demands. receives. or accepts a payoff in exchange for altered testimony faces a mulct of three times the value of the payoff and/or up to 15 old ages in prison. while anyone who bribes a informant faces a all right and/or up to two old ages in prison. Bribery of a Foreign Official. In 1977. The U. S. Congress accepted The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. which made it illegal for an American corporation to corrupt a foreign authorities functionary with money or gifts in hopes of set downing or keeping of import concern contacts. Harmonizing to the act. all publically traded companies must maintain records of all concern transactions—even if the companies do non merchandise internationally—to guarantee that this act is non being violated. However. in the act. there are loopholes of which many U. S. corporations take advantage. For illustration. the act permits grease payments . which are inducements paid—without penalty—to foreign functionaries to assist hasten the completion of paperwork and to guarantee the reception of licences or licenses. Bank Bribery. Harmonizing to the Bank Bribery Amendments Act of 1985. 1 ) the solicitation of an employee. manager. etc. in any capacity in exchange for concern and 2 ) the credence of anything ( including repasts. amusement. and adjustments during travel ) but a legitimate wage. rewards and fees from anyone in connexion with the bank’s concern are prohibited. If any representative of a bank accepts a payoff. he will be fined three times the value of the inducement. or he will be imprisoned for up to thirty old ages. However. if the value of the payoff is less than $ 1. 000. the representative will be fined but sentenced to non more than one twelvemonth in gaol. If a bank functionary is offered a payoff. he must unwrap all information to the bank so that the state of affairs may be addressed suitably. Bribery in Sporting Contests. A featuring functionary who accepts a payoff in exchange for a promise to fix a clean event is guilty of graft and may be punished harmonizing to Torahs of a peculiar state. For illustration. if a referee is convicted of throwing a major featuring event. he will be fined. imprisoned for up to five old ages. or both. Negative effects of graft 1. Bribery corrupts the capitalist economic system. The capitalist system is based on competition in an unfastened and free market. where people tend to purchase the best merchandise at the best monetary value. Bribery corrupts the free-market mechanism by acquiring people to do purchases that do non honor the most efficient manufacturer. 2. Bribery is a sell-out to the rich. In any state of affairs ruled merely by money. the deeper pocket will predominate. If graft were universally practiced. adept testimony. justness in the tribunals. and everything else would be up for sale to the highest bidder. 3. Bribery produces cynicism and a general misgiving of establishments. It destroys people’s trust in the unity of professional services. of authorities and the tribunals. of jurisprudence enforcement. faith. and anything it touches. There is good grounds that societies which allow graft tend to hold societal agitation and possibly revolutions. 4. Bribery treats people as trade goods whose honors can be bought and sold. It therefore tends to degrade the regard we owe to other human existences. Corruption Perceptions Index Since 1995. Transparency International has published an one-year Corruption Perceptions Index ( CPI ) telling the states of the universe harmonizing to the grade to which corruptness is perceived to be among public functionaries and politicians . The organisation defines corruptness as the maltreatment of entrusted power for private gain . The 2003 canvass covered 133 states ; the 2007 study. 180. A higher mark means less ( perceived ) corruptness. The consequences show seven out of every 10 states ( and nine out of every 10 developing states ) with an index of less than 5 points out of 10. Methods and reading Transparency International commissioned Johann Graf Lambsdorff of the University of Passau to bring forth the Corruption Perceptions Index ( CPI ) . The CPI 2005 draws on 16 different polls and studies from 10 independent institutions†¦The establishments who provided informations for the CPI 2005 are: Columbia University. Economist Intelligence Unit. Freedom House. Information International. International Institute for Management Development. Merchant International Group. Political and Economic Risk Consultancy. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. World Economic Forum and World Markets Research Centre. Early CPIs used public sentiment studies. but now merely experts are used. TI requires at least three beginnings to be available in order to rank a state in the CPI. TI writes in their Faq on the CPI that residents’ point of views correlate good with those of experts abroad. In the yesteryear. the experts surveyed in the CPI beginnings were frequently concern people from industrialized states ; the point of view of less developed states was underrepresented. This has changed over clip. giving progressively voice to respondents from emerging market economic systems. As this index is based on polls. the consequences are subjective and corrupt in itself. and less dependable for states with fewer beginnings. Besides. what is lawfully defined ( or perceived ) to be corruptness. differs between legal powers: a political contribution legal in some legal power may be illegal in another ; a affair viewed as acceptable tipping in one state may be viewed as graft in another. In former Soviet provinces. the term corruption itself has become a placeholder for the broader defeat with all alterations since the dissolution of the USSR. In the Arab universe. footings for corruptness had to be invented by advocators every bit late as the 1990s. Statisticss like this are. by nature. imprecise ; statistics from different old ages aren’t needfully comparable. The ICCR itself explains. †¦year-to-year alterations in a country’s mark consequence non merely from a altering perceptual experience of a country’s public presentation but besides from a altering sample and methodological analysis. Each twelvemonth. some beginnings are non updated and must be dropped from the CPI. while new. dependable beginnings are added. With differing respondents and somewhat differing methodological analysiss. a alteration in a country’s mark may besides associate to the fact that different point of views have been collected and different inquiries been asked†¦ despite anti-corruption reform†¦ or recent exposure of corruptness scandals†¦ it is frequently hard to better a CPI mark over a short clip period. such as one or two old ages. The CPI is based on informations from the past three old ages ( for m ore on this. see the inquiry on the beginnings of informations. below ) . This means that a alteration in perceptual experiences of corruptness would merely emerge in the index over longer periods of time . Criticism The Corruption Perceptions Index has drawn increasing unfavorable judgment in the decennary since its launch. taking to name for the index to be abandoned. This unfavorable judgment has been directed at the quality of the Index itself. and the deficiency of actionable penetrations created from a simple state ranking. Because corruptness is will to the full conceal. it is impossible to mensurate straight ; alternatively placeholders for corruptness are used. The CPI uses an eclectic mix of third-party studies to try public perceptual experiences of corruptness through a assortment of inquiries. runing from Do you trust the authorities? to Is corruptness a large job in your state? The usage of third-party study informations is a beginning of unfavorable judgment. The information can change widely in methodological analysis and completeness from state to state. The methodological analysis of the Index itself alterations from twelvemonth to twelvemonth. therefore doing even basic better-or-worse comparings hard. Media mercantile establishments. interim. often use the natural Numberss as a yardstick for authorities public presentation. without clear uping what the Numberss mean. The deficiency of standardisation and preciseness in these studies is cause for concern. The writers of the CPI argue that averaging adequate study informations will work out this ; others argue that aggregating imprecise informations merely masks these defects without turn toing them. In one instance. a local Transparency International chapter disowned the index consequences after a alteration in methodological analysis caused a country’s scores to increase—media reported it as an improvement . Other critics point out that definitional jobs with the term corruption makes the tool problematic for societal scientific discipline. Aside from preciseness issues. a more cardinal review is aimed at the utilizations of the Index. Critics are speedy to profess that the CPI has been instrumental in making consciousness and stimulating argument about corruptness. However. as a beginning of quantitative informations in a field hungry for international datasets. the CPI can take on a life of its ain. looking in cross-country and year-to-year comparings that the CPI writers themselves admit are non justified by their methodological analysis. The writers province in 2008: Year-to-year alterations in a country’s mark can either consequence from a changed perceptual experience of a country’s public presentation or from a alteration in the CPI’s sample and methodological analysis. The lone dependable manner to compare a country’s mark over clip is to travel back to single study beginnings. each of which can reflect a alteration in appraisal. The CPI produces a individual mark per state. which as noted above. can non be compared year-to-year. As such. the Index is about useless as a tool for measuring the impact of new policies. In the late 2000s. the field has moved towards unpackable. action-oriented indices ( such as those by the International Budget Partnership or Global Integrity ) . which typically measure public policies that relate to corruptness. instead than seek to measure corruption as a whole via proxy steps like perceptual experiences. These alternate steps use original ( frequently locally collected ) informations and are limited in range to specific policy patterns ( such as public entree to parliamentary budget paperss ) . Recent Bribery Scandals Siemens Case. twelvemonth 2008. German technology pudding stone Siemens. rocked by the worst graft dirt in the country’s history. won a tribunal inquiring the company for a $ 56 million mulct. Previously. a lower tribunal ordered the company to pay back 1000000s of dollars in net incomes after two former directors pleaded guilty to paying payoffs to win orders from the Italian Enel Group. Now the highest court in Germany. the Federal Court of Justice. instructed a lower tribunal to retry the instance against the former executives. who forwarded $ 8. 9 million to staff of the Italian electricity company in 2000. The tribunal threw out the judgement against Siemens and lifted the graft strong beliefs. The tribunal didn’t challenge that the payments were made. However. before 2002. graft was merely a offense if it harmed competition between German companies. the Judgess said. As no other German company command for the order and Enel was non a authorities bureau. the payments didn’t constitute corruptness at the clip. the Judgess said. Siemens faces probes in the United States and at least a twelve other states over claims its employees used payoffs to win contracts. The company has found $ 1. 9 billion of unclear payments made from 2000 to 2006. Daimler Case. Daimler. the keeping company of Mercedes-Benz autos and commercial vehicles. has agreed to pay a $ 185m mulct in an effort to avoid revelation of alleged payoffs the company paid in 22 states. Amongst the states implicated are Croatia. Latvia. Russia. Hungary. Serbia. Montenegro and Turkey – where good authorities contracts were awarded to Daimler subordinates between 1998 and 2008. In one illustration. it was claimed Daimler gave an armored Mercedes as a birthday gift to an functionary at a clip it was in negotiations to sell about 200 vehicles to the Turkmenistan Government. Possibly the most damnatory statement is that Daimler made payments to functionaries in Iraq under the Oil for Food plan. Hewlett Packard Case. At issue is the sale of some $ 47. 8 million worth of computing machine systems to the office of Russia’s prosecuting officer general. who besides happens to be the 1 that investigates corruptness instances in his state. Talk about a turn of sarcasm if. as studies suggest. HP is found guilty of paying about $ 11 million in bribe money to set down the contract. This is an probe of alleged behavior that occurred about seven old ages ago. mostly by employees no longer with HP. We are collaborating to the full with the German and Russian governments and will go on to carry on our ain internal probe. the HP spokeswoman said via electronic mail on Wednesday. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. telegraph. co. uk/comment/columnists/danroberts/3557215/Bribery-is-bad-for-business. hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bribery hypertext transfer protocol: //www. transparence. org/news_room/in_focus/2008/bpi_2008 hypertext transfer protocol: //blogs. wsj. com/law/2008/08/29/in-germany-bribery-doesnt-always-mean-corruption-siemens-finds/tab/article/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. delna. lv/lat/page/2220/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lawyershop. com/practice-areas/criminal-law/white-collar-crimes/bribery-kickbacks/ hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wheels24. co. za/News/Industry_News/Huge-bribery-scandal-hits-Daimler-20100324

Gender and the Decision to Run f essays

Gender and the Decision to Run f essays The article Entering the Arena explores the relationships of women entering the political arena of electoral office. Richard Fox and Jennifer Lawless explore why women choose to run for elective office and why there are more men in these elective offices than women. The authors argue that there are not enough surveys taken to fully understand why women choose to enter the electoral arena. Political scientists seem to focus on three phenomena that have come from surveys from past years. The incumbency advantage, candidate recruitment and the professions of the candidate play a role in why women do not run for electoral offices. Yet none of these explanations for womens under-representation considers the decision-making process by which women or men become candidates for public office (Entering 2). If the proper research is implemented in the next few years, I believe we will find the answers to these questions. The authors argue the experimental research on the initial decision to seek elective office is scarce and the experimental research on how people choose to run for office is difficult to implement. Their hypotheses are to study gender differences in political ambition through a survey of eligible women and men for electoral offices. Richard Fox and Jennifer Lawless used the Citizen Political Ambition Study, a national survey of possible men and women in the eligible pool for elective office, to explain why this under-representation of women exists (EtA 6). For the most part the prospective candidates backgrounds were made up of, law, business leaders, educators, and political activists. The political activists group was added for a diversity of occupations. The final results concurred that womens under-representation is prevalent in todays society. The gender-balanced eligibility pool ended up to be controlled by men. Regardless of the fact that women are just as...

Quality and Process Improvment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality and Process Improvment - Essay Example These three processes of quality and process improvement are interdependent and, hence, to be successful in our improvement process, we have to undertake all the three processes. As for quality and process improvement, I have learned how re-engineering of business processes can assist in achieve substantial improvement in business performance. This process involves rethinking and radical redesigning of business processes. Using this knowledge, I can redesign the business processes of my father’s small appliance repair company to enhance its performance. The knowledge I have obtained could help me in putting into consideration various critical measures of business performance like operational cost, reliability of services, and the speed of the processes during the re-engineering process. This could enhance the success of the process and thus making me a successful business manager. The knowledge I have obtained about quality and process improvement can help me to be able to ref ine various elements of the processes during the re-engineering process. Some of the elements of the processes that require refining during the re-engineering process are jobs and tasks undertaken by different individuals in the business. Preference constraints that determine what to be done first and what to follow and the flow management protocol also need refining. By refining these elements, I could increase the chances of obtaining the dramatic change that I will be seeking to obtain through the re-engineering process. I have also learned the importance of incorporating information technology during the process of quality and process improvement. One of the advantages of incorporating information technology in this process is that it can help in increasing the efficiency of various elements of the business processes. Moreover, introducing this technology can increase chances of obtaining more accurate performance measures, thus, enhancing the process of re-engineering. It can a lso enhance the process of evaluating the re-engineering process. With all these knowledge about the importance of information technology in promoting quality and process improvement in the business, I could select the appropriate information technology to apply. This will enhance the quality of services it provides, as well as improving its processes of business. Another thing that I have learned that will be very important in my career as a business manager is the importance of having a comprehensive trouble-shooting catalogue. This could give an inexperienced person in business an idea on the services provided, the time they can take, and their costs implications. The customers would, thus, get the required information without consulting the person who has specialized in proving those services. In return, the turnaround time on service delivery will reduce, thus, resulting in more customer satisfaction and, hence, customer loyalty. Using this knowledge, I would design a trouble-s hooting catalogue for my father’s small appliance repair company, thus, improving how it serves its customers in order to increase customer satisfaction. During my learning on quality and process improvement, I have come to understand the importance of inculcating the process of monitoring and evaluation in the business structure. This could help in revealing the places in which the business is

Quiz1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quiz1 - Essay Example However, halting the talks means that the world losses the gains that would have come from multilateral trade. The rules responsible for governing antidumping laws and other important rules in trade are managed by the world trade organization WTO and the preferential trade agreements, but in case of conflicts, the WTO’s rules prevailed over the PTA. This means that countries like the U.S impose rules on other weaker partners that are rejected by other economies such as the Indian and the Chinese economies (Bhagwati). Without the multilateral trade agreements, templates developed by big economies such as the U.S rule over other countries. Additionally, the templates extend to other fields outside trade like the environmental issues as well as the labor standards. The U.S is seeking major emerging economies with similar ideas about trade so that they can form their own templates. When such ideas are combined, they will benefit the stronger trading partners and oppress the other members. Moreover, third world countries will have little influence on overall ideas suggested by the developed countries. This implies that the hegemonic countries like the U.S will benefit from the agreements alone. Such interests have made these developed countries to halt the talks that may take time to reach an

Security Threats to Banking

Security Threats to Banking INTRODUCTION The research project was undertaken to discover security threats and vulnerabilities experienced in First National Bank Botswana organization and how they mitigate them, this was carried out with the intention of making better and appropriate recommendations to combat them in the future and strengthen their information system and innovate some of their services for better competitive advantage and customer satisfaction. FIRST NATIONAL BANK BOTSWANA BACKGROUND First National Bank Botswana was registered in 1991, as a wholly owned subsidiary of First National Bank Holdings (Botswana). Various acquisitions led to the bank becoming a listed entity on the Botswana Stock Exchange in 1993. Today, they have shifted from being a bank with a predominantly retail focus to one that also successfully services the commercial and corporate market. Today products and services of First National Bank Botswana cover the requirements of everyone, from large corporate companies to small businesses and the individual. As at January 2008, we operate with a network of 17 branches and a total of 89 ATMs around the country. A strong customer focused culture ensures that our products are correctly packaged and accessible to all. https://www.fnbbotswana.co.bw/aboutus/index.html accessed on the 30 March 2010. MISSION To be recognised by all as the most well respected and most profitable leading financial services institution of first choice, building enduring and rewarding relationships with all our customers and amongst all stakeholders through the provision of exceptional customer service well skilled professionalism, reliable and efficient innovative products and solutions by our high achieving, motivated, proud and committed team, enabling us to get and keep customers. VISION We collaborate, support and empower each other through the consistent application of our aligned strategies and shared values, delivering maximum value to our customers and sharing the customer so as to add further value to them. Through this, we get and keep customers. CURRENT MARKET SITUATION ANALYSIS Currently the world was going through recession each and every organization across the globe felt the impact of the economic meltdown. Despite global recession and tough competition from competitors like Barclays bank, Standard chartered, Stabic bank and Bank Gaborone etc, First National Bank Botswana proved to be the most innovative bank in Botswana and it made profit unlike Barclays bank sales which had gone down, this shows that FNBB had increase in sales and market share. According to Imara report, September 2009, FNBB had a growth in turnover; the bank posted a strong set of results despite operating in a challenging business environment. Net interest income grew by 30.6% to P522.90 million (FY08: P400.25 million) mainly driven by a 17.0% increase in loans and advances. Profit before tax and profit after tax increased by 19.5% to P536.90 million and 8.7% to P406.72 million respectively. SIGNIFICANT MARKET SHARE According to Analyst Setlhabi P, 2009 FNBB is one of the leading banks in Botswana with the largest market share in terms of deposits (29.7%) and 2nd largest in terms of loans and advances (27.3%) after Barclays Bank Botswana. The pie chart above shows that FNBB has more market share in Botswana compared to other banks in Botswana. In terms of technology advancement and Information system FNBB is the most innovative bank, it was the first bank to provide internet and cell phone banking in Botswana to customers and it is currently the only listed bank providing cell phone banking services. In a bid to reach the unbanked market, First National Bank of Botswana has launched its new cell phone banking service, enabling banking activities such as balance enquiries, statement requests and the ability to make payments to third parties. Due to advancement in technology and Information system its market share has grown tremendously. FNBB SWOT ANALYSIS Below is a table showing the swot analysis of the First National Bank Botswana, from the table it shows that the bank has more strength, good opportunities than weakness and threats which is really good. PREVIOUS SYSTEM The previous system was manual based before introducing this advanced system, though they had computers nothing was automated customers had to go to the physical bank to deposit money, pay the bills and some of the important information was recorded on papers which can get lost or stolen easily. The system was costly to the bank because they had to use a lot of materials e.g. papers to record information and print the bank statement for customers and you would find that there will be long queues at the bank during the week. Customers could not dream buying items online, they manual system was time consuming and somehow hindered the growth of the FNBB market share. Customers who wanted to open accounts with the bank had to fill the application form, submit and wait for seven working days for their application to be processed and account to be opened. There was nothing like transferring the fund to third party account or interbank transfer the customer had to do it manual at the bank teller or cashier counter. CURRENT SYSTEM (S) The bank has several current information systems in place which has enhanced its performance and productivity resulting in customer satisfaction and convenience hence customer loyalty to FNBB. According to Mr. Edwin M FNBB have the following information systems in use. Online Banking Customers can access the bank account anywhere, anytime as long they have internet access where there are, and they can do any transaction; paying bills, buy online, view balance, bank statement and transfer funds to third party. Cell Phone Banking Now with cell phone banking in place customer do not need to be behind a computer doing transaction, they can access their funds/ bank account by using their mobile phones which is more convenient, fast and user friendly. Its new cell phone banking service, enabling banking activities such as balance enquiries, statement requests and the ability to make payments to third parties. The service is accessible through any handset in Botswana and uses SMS or a menu-based technology for customers to complete their banking transactions, increasing mass market reach and adding functionality to First National Bank of Botswanas (FNBB) offerings. The new FNB Cell phone banking offering is a natural extension from the pioneering beginnings of the in Contact service, said Yolisa Lejowa, FNBB head of electronic banking. Initially the service will only be available on the Mascom network but we envisage activating FNB Cell phone banking on the Orange network as well, shortly. By introducing these systems the bank has saved a lot of money which would be used for stationery in the manual system and the bank saw a great positive impact on their daily activities, long queues is the thing of the past, productivity, efficiency and market share has increased. New customers can even apply for bank accounts online without going to the bank as long as they provide valid details; everything will be processed within a short period of time. Now customers have the bank virtual bank with them wherever they go. Some of the Information systems are; Transaction Processing system Human resource Management system Executive management system INFORMATION RESOURCE AND CONTROL According www.datamonitor.com head of electronic banking (chief information officer) at FNBB has a critical role and responsible for the entire security of the organization, plan and implement technology advancement and innovations to ensure that FNBB stays atop of the market in the banking industry in Botswana. The Electronic bank head critical evaluate the security systems ability to protect bank and customer data. According to Eddie M in interviews response stated that chief information officer overlook the entire organization information system, to ensure that all resources are utilized within the budget and enforce higher security in the system to ensure business continuity. This is achieved by defining, updating, implementing IT strategy and align IT objectives and programs to enterprise objectives and strategies. By applying the above critical roles result in data privacy and confidentially, data integrity, authentication, non-repudiation. The head of electronic banking of FNBB set security privileges in the organization to ensure that certain areas and information is only accessed by authorized personnel or user. He carries out and enforces comprehensive security policy in the organization. According to www.fdic.gov/news/news/financial/1999/FIL9968b.doc A comprehensive information security policy should outline a proactive and ongoing program incorporating three components; Prevention Detection Response E-banking services must be delivered on a consistent and timely basis in accordance with high customer expectations for a constant and rapid availability and potential high transaction demand. The bank must be able to deliver online banking services to all end-users and be able to maintain such availability in all circumstances. ORGANISATION SECURITY SYSTEM RISK System risk is a potential problem, situation that if it materializes, may adversely affect the business operation or system operation. http://www.pathways.cu.edu.eg/ . According to Eddie M 26 March 2010 Interviews. The use of information system which is online banking and cell phone banking has brought some risks and threats which are as follows; information theft, hacking of the system, System Failure due to hardware problem or power failure even software crushing, backup gets corrupted sometimes. The above table summarizes the system risks that exist with the use of information system; some of the risks are intentional were the user or unauthorized person get to do some modification in the system database/ some system components which will compromise availability or integrity of the data produced, processed. Some of the threats are accidental where by the user discloses his/her online banking details leading to account hacking and money theft. Network malfunction/ interruption is one of the major threats, sometimes network hardware components fails leading to break of data transfer between computers and servers leading to online system been unable to function normal (down). Electricity blackout its a major concern in Botswana because it happens more often resulting in online banking and cell phone banking being inaccessible during the period, as cell phone network goes down during electricity blackout and some electronics components tends to fails as well leading to system failure as information systems are comprised of different electronics components. All the above mentioned system risks and threats are the main faced by First National Bank Botswana. SYSTEM RISK MITIGATION To mitigate risks and threats board of directors and the head of electronic banking must ensure that appropriate security control processes are in place for online banking. (FNBB Report, 2009). To deal with this risks authorization privileges and authentication measures, logical and physical access control, adequate infrastructure security to maintain appropriate boundaries and restriction on both external user activities and data integrity of transactions, record and information should be implemented in the bank. http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs98.htm. SECURITY CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) CCTV is used to capture and monitor all customer and employee activities inside and outside the bank building for security reasons. Youll find CCTVcameras sweeping the perimeter and parking areas, lobbies, drive-up windows and ATMS. Almost everyone who has worked in the banking industry and many customers has used CCTV to prevent and/or identify illegal activity at banking facilities. Video tapes and digital recordings capture the faces and activities of everyone using bank properties. (Pirraglia W). The captured recordings are archived bydate, so prior recordings can be located and used to solve problems and help apprehend perpetrators of illegal bank activity. Most of the banks around the world have cctv installed in their buildings and around ATM terminals, so FNBB use CCTV for the same purpose as explained above, all of their building are monitored by CCTV.

Marina Gana Vida Essay

PROBLEM: What could Jonah Nobleza do to balance the employment and production of MGV? OBJECTIVES: To be able to find an alternative way to scale-up the production without sacrificing the mission of MGV. To prove to the investors that MGV is a successful social enterprise with viable economic. To be able to spot the best possible solution balancing employment vs. production. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION: Strengths The staffs of MGV are all professionally trained. Providing health products to consumers Promoting environmentally friendly fishing practices Well-developed facilities Provides healthy fish farming Women are skilled in fish processing Opportunities Providing business opportunities to Muslim women in Davao community Having more loyal customers Adopt technology Weakness Limited capacity of production Lack of investors Not using chemical pesticides that reduces the quantity of fish Threats Competition of other fishing industries Natural or man-made calamities ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION: Stick to their goals to hire more workers by adding another processing plant Merge machine labour and manual labour in production process Replace the manual labour into automated labour process while the workers will serve as indirect employees. RECOMMENDATION: The best alternative course of action is the second solution, which is merging of manual and automated labour process which is in production there will be a machine to help fasten their production for better labour process and to maintain the employment, there should also be a manual process for the workers to help manipulate and monitor the machines. CONCLUSION: We therefore conclude that our recommendation can help the company increase their production without eradicating workers in view of the fact that they can also help in monitoring the machinery to speed up production and we can assign them in manipulating the machines. Adding more machines also means hiring more workers and as a result of having faster production. As their goal is to provide employment to many poor household they were able to maintain their social enterprise.

October Sky The Movie Essay

The movie October Sky deals with a lot of themes that still exist in societies all over the world today. One of the main themes and perhaps the most obvious is the inspiring idea of chasing one’s dream and never giving up until success is found. In the movie, we find Homer Hickam, an average small-town boy, intrigued by the launch of Soviet satellite Sputnik and infatuated with the idea of joining the space race and making his own rockets. Homer becomes inspired to better himself. He wants to successfully build rockets and with further encouragement from his teacher, Miss Riley, he and his friends enter a science fair in which they have the chance to receive college scholarships. This is Homer’s dream and he sets his goals accordingly to achieve his dream. Homer doesn’t allow any obstacle, even family troubles, to stop him from obtaining his dream. His recognition of his goals and persistence in achieving them is a very admirable thing to do and is something that still happens all the time. Over different decades the dreams may change and the challenges one face to achieve them may be different but no matter what decade, people are always going to have dreams and goals they want to achieve in their lives. Every person has a desire to be successful and happy. Success and achievement of dreams does not come easy. A person must have determination to be successful and the theme of aspiring to a goal and a better life does not go away over decades, no matter how big or small the dream is. Family conflict is another theme that is universal for many reasons. In several ways, family conflict is combined with the theme of the generation gap. This is because family conflict is often caused by a lack of understanding between people and that most often occurs between adults and children/teenagers. In October Sky, the conflict between Homer and his father, John, was in many ways inevitable. Homer and John were bought up in very different worlds. John grew up in a traditional world where most things were black or white – right or wrong and things were always done the same way. Homer is living his  teenage years in a time where the future of small towns is uncertain and the United States is being dragged into a technological age. Growing up in such different worlds leaves the two with very different thoughts and perspectives on just about everything which means they are no doubt going to clash on those points. Their different perspectives cause Homer and John to rarely see eye to eye on things. The only thing they seemed to have in common was the fact that they were both very stubborn and that worked against them. Family conflicts are often inevitable, even to this day. The generation gap between Homer and John that caused a lot of their problems obviously still occurs between families in every country of our decade and will probably still occur for the rest of time. The themes dealt with in October Sky, such as the pursuit of a dream, family conflict, generation gap and more such as financial problems have been around for a long time and probably for a long time to come. www.wikipedia.comwww.imdb.com

The Dysptopian Novel of 1984 by Geroge Orwell - 632 Words

The dystopian novel of 1984, written by the English writer George Orwell, was first published by Secker and Warburg in 1949. The novel discusses the life of Winston Smith and his venture to rebel against the totalitarian state in which he resides. George Orwell wrote 1984 as a warning after World War II, with the intention of describing a society that he would never want to live the day to see. Unfortunately, he knew that it was more of a precaution to say this is how life for some was like in Germany or the Soviet Union. Both of these places having been in power during his time he wrote this to show the rest of the world how it was too late for them, and coming nearer for everyone else. During the war, Orwell worked for the British Broadcasting Company, where he got the idea for newspeak. Orwell’s main goals in 1984 are to depict the frightening techniques a totalitarian government (in which a single ruling class possesses absolute power) might use to control its subjects, an d to illustrate the extent of the control that government is able to exert. George Orwell’s 1984, the theme that a government may use mind controlling and brainwashing to maintain power over the society has been brought out through many symbols, events and ideas. In the year of 1984, the world has been divided into three super powers: Oceania, Eastasia and Eurasia. In the society of Oceania, which is controlled by a totalitarian Party, love, sex, joy, happiness, personal documents, thoughts, etc, are